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Epigenetic Reprogramming

Therapies reversing epigenetic age and cellular aging

Fig. 411 · Mantel clock

The field

At a glance

Definition

Therapies reversing epigenetic age and cellular aging

Technologies

Yamanaka factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc or subsets) reverse epigenetic age when expressed transiently. mRNA delivery provides temporary, controllable reprogramming factor expression. Epigenetic clocks measure the success of reprogramming. Single-cell sequencing assesses reprogramming at cellular resolution. Chemical reprogramming uses small molecules instead of genetic factors.

Applications

Preclinical studies demonstrate tissue rejuvenation through partial reprogramming. Epigenetic clocks measure biological age reduction from reprogramming. mRNA delivery enables transient, controllable reprogramming. Chemical reprogramming avoids genetic manipulation entirely.

Market and funding

Epigenetic reprogramming has attracted $5+ billion in private investment (Altos Labs $3B, Retro Biosciences, NewLimit, Turn Biotechnologies). If successful, the addressable market is unlimited.

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