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Spatial Computing & XR

Computing interfaces merging digital and physical spaces

Fig. 448 · Stereoscope

The field

At a glance

Definition

Computing interfaces merging digital and physical spaces

Technologies

Passthrough AR overlays digital content on camera-captured real-world view. Optical see-through AR uses transparent displays. Hand and eye tracking enable natural interaction without controllers. Spatial audio creates convincing 3D sound. SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) enables headsets to understand room geometry. Foveated rendering reduces compute by only rendering where the user looks.

Applications

Industrial training in VR reduces injury risk and training costs. Architects review building designs in mixed reality. Surgeons plan procedures using 3D patient models. Remote teams collaborate in shared virtual workspaces. Consumers experience immersive gaming and entertainment.

Market and funding

The global XR market exceeded $40 billion in 2025, spanning headsets, software, content, and enterprise applications.

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