Proteomics

Proteomics studies the complete set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism, providing a more dynamic and functional view of biology than genomics alone. While the genome is essentially fixed, the proteome changes continuously in response to disease, environment, and treatment, making it a richer source of diagnostic and therapeutic insight. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics can now measure thousands of proteins simultaneously, and newer affinity-based platforms (SomaScan, Olink) provide high-throughput protein measurement at lower cost. The sector serves drug target discovery (identifying disease-relevant proteins), diagnostic development (protein biomarkers for disease detection), companion diagnostics (predicting treatment response), and the emerging category of multi-omic integration (combining proteomic data with genomics, metabolomics, and clinical data for comprehensive patient profiling).